Clinicopathological Analysis of Pancytopenia - A Tertiary Care Centre Study

Abstract

Background: Pancytopenia is itself not a disease; it however is the combination of presence of anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia due to a variety of underlying disorders. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy is an important investigation to differentiate bone marrow disorders.
Aim: To study the clinicohaematological profile and various underlying etiologies of pancytopenia.
Material and Methods: A retrospective study was done in the department of pathology GMC Jammu over a period of 2 years (2019 to 2021). Data regarding clinical details, peripheral blood film and bone marrow findings were collected from 182 patients fulfilling the criteria of pancytopenia.
Results: Out of total 182 cases of pancytopenia,100 (54.9%) were females and males were 82(45.05%). Male to female ratio was 1.21:1. The most common clinical presentation was pallor seen in 82 cases (45.05%). The major presentation of the patients with pancytopenia was megaloblastic anaemia which comprised of 82 (45%) of cases. This was followed by hypoplastic / Aplastic marrow 22(12.8%), Dual deficiency anaemia 14 (7.6%), Dilute/ inadequate marrow cases were 12 (6.6%), Acute myeloid leukemia 12(6.6%), Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 9 (4.9%), Miscellaneous causes 9 (4.9%) , Iron deficiency anemia 7(3.8%), Lymphoma 4 (2.1%), Multiple myeloma 4 (2.1%), Myelodysplastic syndrome 2 (1.09%), Metastatic solid tumour 2 ( 1.09%) , kala azar 2(1.09%),Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood 1( 0.54%) , Marrow necrosis 1( 0.54%) and myelofibrosis 1(0.54% ).
Conclusion: The present study concluded that most of cases of pancytopenia had underlying reversible etiology. Therefore, complete workup of patient with haematological and bone marrow examination will lead to early diagnosis that in turn will be helpful in efficient management of these patients.