Unusual Sites of Uterine Leiomyoma: A Common Gynecological Entity — A Diagnostic Dilemma

Abstract

Uterine leiomyoma are the most prevalent benign smooth muscle tumors, affecting 20–30% of women of reproductive age. Despite their frequency, leiomyomas outside the uterine corpus, such as in the vaginal vault or cervix are exceedingly rare accounting for 5% of all cases posing diagnostic and management challenges due to nonspecific symptoms and proximity to critical pelvic structures. Leiomyomas in atypical locations require a high index of suspicion for accurate diagnosis. Histopathology and advanced imaging modalities are pivotal in differentiating these from other pelvic pathologies. We report two rare cases of leiomyoma in unusual sites discussing the diagnostic difficulties and management strategies.